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Summer 2014
Master of Business Administration- MBA Semester 4
OM 0017 – Advanced Production And Planning Control
- A large number of forecasting methods are available. Discuss the categories /classification of forecasting methods.
(Opinion and judgmental (Predictive) methods : Explanation- 0.5 marks; Methods under this category- 4 marks, Time series methods or quantitative methods Explanation- 0.5 marks; Methods under this category- 5 marks) 10 marks
Answer : Opinion and judgmental (Predictive) methods:
The qualitative or judgment method is a method that translates the opinions of managers, experts in the field, consumer surveys, and sales force estimates into quantitative estimates. These methods range from a scientifically conducted opinion survey to the nominal group technique. There are four methods adopted under this category, namely:
- Opinion survey method:
- Explain how economic order quantity can be calculated by Model 1: EOQ with Uniform Rate of Demand and Instantaneous Replenishment.
(Type of model and how it is developed-1 mark; Assumptions of the model – 2 marks; Graphical representation of the varying inventory level with time (along with explanation)- 3 marks; Formulae for(Total annual inventory cost, Total annual ordering cost ,Total Annual Holding Cost)- 2 marks; Determination of EOQ for Model 1 – 2 marks) 10 marks
Answer :
Model 1: EOQ with Uniform Rate of Demand and Instantaneous Replenishment:
This model is analytical. Initially a cost model is developed and inventory model is developed from it.
In this model the assumptions made are:
Assumptions :
- The demand is certain and constant over time.
- Stock replenishment is instantaneous (lead time is zero) i.e. the quantity of items will be realised instantly, as soon as the consumption reaches a point.
- Price of materials is fixed (no quantity discount is assumed).· Inventory carrying cost per unit is constant.
- The priority rule is a systematic procedure for assigning priorities for awaiting jobs. The common problem faced in most of the companies is assigning priority with respect to the job on hand for production. When there is a set of orders to be executed, the question of prioritising arises. Priority rules give the solution to the priority problems faced by companies. Explain in brief about priority rules for scheduling?
(Major criteria for selecting priority rules- 1.75 marks; classification of priority rules – 1.25 marks; definition of major criteria rules- 4.5 marks; definition of priority criteria rules – 2.5 marks) 10 marks
Answer : Major criteria for selecting priority rules :
Due to the rapid development and strong competition amongst the manufacturing companies, needing a
systematic planning in job shop manufacturing is crucial in order to enable smooth release of inventory and great
assembling. Hence, it is needed to expose on the suitable method in managing small scale production, and what is it can be done to minimize the completion time of jobs, mean flow time, lateness of jobs, and processing cost. The main aim is to find out what is the effective priority rules in scheduling application used by the manufacturing companies that focus on job shop manufacturing.
- A Flexible Manufacturing System (FMS) is a manufacturing system comprising a set of similar and/or corresponding numerically controlled machines, which are connected through an automated transportation system. What are the fundamental building blocks and benefits of FMS?
(Workstations.(explanation and list of various workstations) – 2 marks; Automated Material Handling and Storage system.(explanation and functions) – 2 marks; Computer Control System.(explanation and functions) – 2 marks; Potential benefits (tangible and intangible) of establishing FMS- 4 marks)
Answer :A. Workstations :
In present day applications , these workstations are typically numeric control machine tools that perform machine operations on family of parts. FMS is being designed with another type of processing equipment including inspection station assembly work etc.
Various workstations :
1.Load/ unload
2. Machining
- Supply chain management is essential for the success of every company and to satisfy customer demand. Supply chain management plays a critical role in the success of the company. Supply chain management is equipped to deal with anything from flow of products to unexpected natural disasters. Supply chain management diagnoses the problem and innovatively works around the problems. Explain the impact Supply chain management has on business.
(Explanation of impact on business Reduce operating costs – 3 marks; Improve financial position- 3 marks ; Boost customer service – 3 marks; conclusion -1 mark) 10 marks
Answer : Impacts of SCM on business :
- Reduce operating costs :
The most-sought and most common result of applying supply chain management is reduced costs in the supply chain. A cost that exists throughout most supply chains and therefore is often the target of supply chain management is the cost of inventory, managing it and carrying it.
- Increased automation maximizes the efficiency of order processes.
- Integrate with public or private e-marketplaces to quickly and easily compare suppliers on a global basis.
- Quality Planning is defined as a “Systematic process that translates the quality policy into measurable objectives and requirements, and lays down a sequence of steps for realising them within a specified timeframe.” Explain the elements associated with quality plan.
(Explanation of: What needs to be checked? – 2 marks; What is the most suitable way to check? – 2.5 marks; When should the check be carried out? – 2 marks; Who should be involved in the checking?- 1 mark; What quality materials should be used?- 2.5 marks) 10 marks
Answer : Elements of quality planning :
- What needs to be checked:
Seven areas must be addressed to ensure that the proper goals are established:
- Product performance
- Competitive performance
- Business improvement
- Cost of poor quality
- Performance of business processes
- Customer satisfaction
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