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[ Winter 2014 ] ASSIGNMENT
| PROGRAM | Master of Science in Information Technology(MSc IT)Revised Fall 2011 |
| SEMESTER | 3 |
| SUBJECT CODE & NAME | MIT3042– Embedded Systems |
| CREDIT | 4 |
| BK ID | B1551 |
| MARKS | 60 |
Answer all Questions
Q.1. a) What is an Embedded System? Explain.
- b) What are the characteristics of Embedded Systems?
Answer: a) Embedded System:An embedded system is a computer system with a dedicated function within a larger mechanical or electrical system, often with real-time computing constraints. It is embedded as part of a complete device often including hardware and mechanical parts. Embedded systems control many devices
b)Characteristics of Embedded Systems:
Embedded systems are designed to do some specific task, rather than be a general-purpose computer for multiple tasks. Some also have real-time performance constraints that must be met, for reasons such as safety and usability; others may have low or no performance requirements, allowing the system hardware to be simplified to reduce costs. Embedded systems are not always standalone devices. Many
- 2. What is a microcontroller? List the salient features of 8051 microcontroller.
Answer:A microcontroller (sometimes abbreviated µC, uC or MCU) is a small computer on a single integrated circuit containing a processor core, memory, and programmable input/output peripherals. Program memory in the form of Ferroelectric RAM, NOR flash or OTP ROM is also often included on chip, as well as a typically small amount of RAM. Microcontrollers are designed for embedded applications, in contrast to the microprocessors used in personal computers or other general purpose applications.
- 3. Explain the following directives in 8051.
(i) DB directive:The DB directive is the most widely used data directive in the assembler. It is used to define the 8-bit data. When DB is used to define data, the numbers can be in decimal, binary, hex, or ASCII formats. For decimal, the “D” after the decimal number is optional, but using “B” (binary) and “H” (hexadecimal) for the others is required. Regardless of which is used, the assembler will convert the numbers into hex. To indicate ASCII, simply place the characters in quotation marks (‘like this’). The assembler will assign the ASCII
- 4. List and explain RTOS kernel components.
Answer:A real-time operating system (RTOS) is an operating system (OS) intended to serve real-time application process data as it comes in, typically without buffering delays. Processing time requirements (including any OS delay) are measured in tenths of seconds or shorter.A key characteristic of an RTOS is the level of its consistency concerning the amount of time it takes to accept and complete an application’s task; the variability is jitter. A hard real-time operating system has less jitter than a soft real-time operating system.
- 5. What are the functions that interrupt and event handling mechanism of an RTOS provide?
Answer:Since an interrupt handler blocks the highest priority task from running, and since real time operating systems are designed to keep thread latency to a minimum, interrupt handlers are typically kept as short as possible. The interrupt handler defers all interaction with the hardware if possible; typically all that is necessary is to acknowledge or disable the interrupt (so that it won’t occur again when the interrupt handler returns) and notify a task that work needs to be done. This can be done by unblocking a driver task through releasing a semaphore, setting a flag or sending a message. A scheduler often provides the ability
- 6. Write note on I²C Bus.
Answer:The I2C bus was designed by Philips in the early ’80s to allow easy communication between components which reside on the same circuit board. Philips Semiconductors migrated to NXP in 2006.
The name I2C translates into “Inter IC”. Sometimes the bus is called IIC or I²C bus.
The original communication
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