MI0034- DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS

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ASSIGNMENT

 

 

 

Note: Answer all questions. Kindly note that answers for 10 marks questions should be approximately of 400 words. Each question is followed by evaluation scheme.

 

 

Q.1 How is DBMS classified based on several criteria? Explain each one of them with few examples where ever required

 

Ans :  Several criteria are normally used to classify DBMSs. These are discussed below :

 

1. Based on data model

2. Based on the number of users

3. Based on the ways database is distributed

 

1. Based on data model:

 

The most popular data model in use today is the relational data model. Well known DBMSs like Oracle, MS SQL Server, DB2, MySQL support this model. Other traditional models can be named hierarchical data model, or network data model. In the recent years, we are getting familiar with object-oriented data models but these models have not had widespread use. Some examples of Object-oriented DBMSs are O2, Object Store or Jasmine. . The main data model used in many current commercial  DBMSs is the relational data model. The object

 

 

Q.2 Differentiate between B+ tree and B- tree. Explain them with diagrams

 

Ans:B+tree :

A B+ tree is a balanced tree in which every path from the root of the tree to a leaf is of the same length, and each non leaf node of the tree has between [n/2] and [n] children, where n is fixed for a particular tree. It contains index pages and data pages. The capacity of a leaf has to be 50% or more. For example: if n = 4, then the key for each node is between 2 to 4. The index page will be 4 + 1 = 5.

B+-tree Structure. A B+-tree is a generalization of a binary search tree (BST). The main difference is that nodes of a B+ tree will point to many children nodes rather than being limited to only two. Since the goal is to minimize disk accesses whenever we

 

 

and C children3.

 

B-tree :

 

In computer science, a B-tree is a tree data structure that keeps data sorted and allows searches, sequential access, insertions, and deletions in logarithmic time. The B-tree is a generalization of a binary search tree in that a node can have more than two children. (Comer 1979, p. 123) Unlike self-balancing binary search trees, the B-tree is

 

 

Q.3                  Employee

 

Emp Id	Name	Project	Salary	Dep. no.
MUL 1	Ramya	PR 1	40000	1
MUL 2	Nupur	PR 1	45000	2
SMU 1	Rajesh	PR 3	20000	2
SMU 2	Vinay	PR 2	50000	3
SMU 3	Anil	PR 2	80000	2

 

Department :

 

Dept id	D name	Place
1	MIS	Bangalore
2	HRM	Bangalore
3	Finance	Chennai
4	Research	Bangalore

 

 

 

 

 

Using these tables answer the following question

a. If we want to see all the employees with salary between 40000 and 50000, which query can be used?

b. Select employee name from EMPLOYEE table, whose name starts with R

c. Explain aggregate functions and grouping in detail

 

Ans :  A select query retrieves data from one or more of the tables in your database, or other queries there, and displays the results in a datasheet. You can also use a select query to group data, and to calculate sums, averages, counts, and other types of totals. Query languages are computer languages used to make queries into databases and information systems.

Broadly, query languages can be classified

 

 

 

Q.4 What are the problems and failures that may encounter with respect to the transactions in a database management system? Give examples.

 

Ans :  A transaction is a logical unit of work, which involves may database operations. A transaction is a collection of operations that forms a single logical unit of work. A transaction is a unit of program executions that accesses and possibly updates various databases. Example: Banking system, Student database performs transactions.

 

Problems  with code :

 

1. SQL0805N Package package-name was not found

 

Possible reasons for these exceptions:

 

 

Q.5 Consider any database of your choice (may be simple banking database/forecasting database/project management database). Show the deduction of the tables in your database to the different types of normal forms

 

 

Ans : Choosing a proper database  :

 

The databases chosen is simple forecasting  database.

 

5 normal forms with respect to the database chosen

 

Definition: An entity is in the first normal form if it contains no repeating groups.

In 1NF relation the order of tuples (rows) and attributes (columns) does not matter.

 

order	customer	Contact person	total
1	Rishabh	manish	134.23
2	preeti	rohan	521.24
3	rishabh	manish	1042.42
4	rishabh	manish	928.53

 

 

 

 

 

 

Q.6 Read the following case study thoroughly and answer the following questions:

Laxmi bank is one of the largest private sector banks of India. It has an extensive network of more than 200 branches. It offers banking services to retail as well as corporate clients. The bank faced a challenge in integrating multi-pronged database management system into a centralized system. The IT department of the bank also realized that the computing capabilities of its PCs and servers were not proportionately distributed among all its branches. Each branch had its database management system stored in a traditional way on the disk. The total cost of operating and maintaining the current IT infrastructure was very high and the fundamental shortcomings added to the costs. Moreover, there were also recurrent problems due to the malfunctioning of the currently operational database management system. Therefore, the bank’s top management decided to fix the problem and operationalise a robust database management system. The bank hired an external database technology consulting firm called AKPY Info systems Limited. AKPY divided the entire IT infrastructure of the bank around two verticals. The retail banking vertical and the corporate banking vertical. All the individual database servers from the individual branches were removed. The entire database system was made virtual such that the managers and the staff can access only the required information (related to retail banking or corporate banking) from the respective centralised data centers. There were only two such centralised data centers (one for retail banking and another for corporate banking) that were managed centrally. Staff and managers could access the information through their PCs and laptops. Centralised database management system complemented the security system by bringing in authentication through a unified ID management server. Managers and officers of the bank were able to process half a million transactions per month in real time after the new implementation. There were significant savings in the cost and also in the consumption of power. Now there were no problems with regard to imbalances in the load across various network servers. Due to centralised data management, top management could keep an eye on the functioning of various branches. Hence the cases of fraud and cheating reduced considerably. The bank managers could also process the loan applications in reduced time since the customer’s previous records could be accessed at the click of the button and approval from the higher authorities could be obtained in real time. Moreover the new system also brought in many applications that helped local managers in the decision making process.

 

a. List the uses of centralized data management

b. What steps Laxmi bank need to take if it were to change its centralised database system to a distributed database system in future?

 

Ans : a. uses of centralized data management :

 

From the above case study it is concluded that centralized data management has following advantages which has made it more useful than the older system :

 

1. Centralised database management system complements the security system by bringing in authentication through a unified ID management server

 

2  If data is stored and managed in various locations, as the volume of data increases, time and effort, as well as necessary devices to manage all the data must be increased accordingly. If data is gathered at one location and centrally managed,

 

 

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