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| DRIVE | SPRING 2014 |
| PROGRAM | MBA (Sem 3), MBADS (Sem 3 / Sem 5), PGDHSMN (Sem 1) |
| SUBJECT CODE & NAME | MH0051 – Health Administration |
| BOOK ID | B1212 |
| CREDIT & MARKS | 4 Credits, 60 marks |
1 Discuss the uses of epidemiology with examples.
Answer:Uses of Epidemiology
There are seven identified uses of epidemiology.
1. Studying the history of the health of the population: For example, the types of problems that affect society and humanity have changed over periods of time. If you look at data for the 1900s, you would see that there were certain infectious diseases that predominated at that time. If you compare those with the patterns that we have at present, you would see that many of the infectious diseases have been replaced by chronic diseases of long duration, of long standing.
2. Diagnosis of the health of the community: In this type of epidemiology, we try to make a picture of the characteristics of the community with respect to its demographic makeup, in terms of particular health problems that exist in the community. From that information we can propose specific plans and programs to intervene in order to
2 Explain the spectrum and determinants of health.
Answer: Spectrum and Determinants of Health are
It is not difficult to understand how poverty in the form of material deprivation – dirty water, poor nutrition – allied to lack of quality medical care can account for the tragically foreshortened lives of people in India. Such understanding is insufficient in two important ways. First, it fails properly to take into account that relief of such material deprivation is not simply a technical matter of providing clean water of better medical care. Who gets these resources is socially determined. Second, and related, international policies have not been pursued as if they had people‟s basic needs in mind.
Recognizing the health effects of poverty is one thing. Taking action to relieve its effects entails a richer understanding of the health effects of social and economic policies.
The determinants of health include:
3 List the occupational diseases most prevalent in work place. Discuss their prevention methods.
Answer: Multiple Chemical Sensitivity Syndrome (MCS)
Multiple chemical sensitivity syndrome, known also as environmental illness, ecological illness, environmental hypersensitivity or total allergy syndrome,has been described as ‘the most puzzling clinical entity emerging in the 1980s’. Patients with Multiple Chemical Syndrome are characterized by the manifestation of an array of symptoms that follow low-level exposure to a variety of common substances. The most common symptoms are headache, tiredness, nausea and dizziness.
Sick Building Syndrome (SBS)
4 Discuss the various levels in the Indian healthcare delivery system.
Answer: Levels in the Indian Healthcare Delivery System are
Healthcare in India is delivered on three levels: primary, secondary and tertiary, but underlying those are village-based health sub-centres, which the World Health Organization (WHO) describes as “the most peripheral health institutional facility.”
National level
The official organs/departments at the centre are:
6 Explain the management methods and techniques of health planning.
Answer: The management methods and techniques are
Balance of essential services
Apart from traditional organizational and management considerations the key to effective provision of primary health care is providing balanced services. Services must be selectively provided in response to community need with balanced attention to curative and preventive care. Facility based care must be balanced against the need for outreach services. As a final point service and educational efforts must be balanced with the aim of promoting community self-reliance. There is a natural tendency for health professionals, from their perspective as the sole providers of health care, to remain in their clinics to respond to whatever curative needs may present themselves. An industrial management with this concept of marketing is doomed to failure. Such imbalance in the public service field is even more outrageous.
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