BT0078, Website Design

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PROGRAM BSc IT
SEMESTER THIRD
SUBJECT CODE & NAME BT0078, Website Design
CREDIT 2
BK ID B1005
MAX. MARKS 30

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  1. 1. What are HTML logical tags? Explain all the logical tags.

Answer:A tag that is applied to an individual character is known as a character tag. A character tag can be grouped into two categories: physical and logical. (Note: physical styles are associated with physical character tags; logical styles are associated with logical character tags.)As you work with these tags to style your text in different ways, you will discover that there is not really big difference how the text is displayed on a browser. For instance, you can italicize your

 

  1. 2. Describe the following in context of validating XML documentswith DTDs
  2. Concept of data validation
  3. Writing document type definition (DTD) files
  4. Internal and external DTDs
  5. Validating parsers
  6. The NMTOKEN and NMTOKENS Type

 

Answer: Concept of data validation: A valid document includes a document type declaration that identifies the DTD the document satisfies. The DTD lists all the elements, attributes, and entities the document uses and the contexts in which it uses them. The DTD may list items the document does not use as well. Validity operates on the principle that everything not permitted is forbidden. Everything in the document must match a declaration in the DTD. If a document has a document type declaration and the document satisfies the DTD that the document type declaration indicates, then the document is said to be valid. If it does not, it is said to be invalid.

There are many things the DTD does not say. In p

 

  1. Writing document type definition (DTD) files: While XML is extremely flexible, not all the programs that read particular XML documents are so flexible. Many programs can work with only some XML applications but not others. For example, Adobe Illustrator 10 can read and write Scalable Vector Graphics (SVG) files, but you wouldn’t expect it to understand a Platform for Privacy Preferences (P3P) document. And within a particular XML application, it’s often important to ensure that a given document indeed adheres to the rules

 

 

  1. Internal and external DTDs: When you’re first developing a DTD, it’s often useful to keep the DTD and the canonical example document in the same file so you can modify and check them simultaneously. Therefore, the document type declaration may actually contain the DTD between square brackets rather than referencing it at an external URI. Example 3-4 demonstrates. Some document type declarations contain some declarations directly but link in others using a SYSTEM or PUBLIC identifier. The part of the DTD between the brackets is called the internal DTD subset. All the parts that come from outside this document are called the external DTD subset.

 

  1. Validating parsers: The declarations in the internal subset form part of the DOCTYPE in the document itself. The declarations in the external subset are located in a separate text file. The external subset may be referenced via a public identifier and/or a system identifier. Programs for reading documents may not be required to read the external subset.Note that any valid SGML or XML document that references an external subset in its DTD, or whose body contains references to parsed external entities declared in its DTD (including those declared within its

 

  1. The NMTOKEN and NMTOKENS Type: The effective value of the attribute can only be a valid name token (or a spaced-separated list of such name tokens), but it is not restricted to a unique identifier within the document; this name

 

 

  1. 3. Define XSL-FO. Explain the following:

 

  1. Purpose of XSL Formatting Objects (XSL-FO)

 

  1. XSL-FO Documents and XSL-FO Processors

 

Answer:Purpose of XSL Formatting Objects (XSL-FO): XSL Formatting Objects, or XSL-FO, is a markup language for XML document formatting which is most often used to generate PDFs. XSL-FO is part of XSL (Extensible Stylesheet Language), a set of W3C technologies designed for the transformation and formatting of XML data. The other parts of XSL are XSLT and XPath. Version 1.1 of XSL-FO was published in 2006.  XSL-FO was discontinued: the last update for the Working Draft was in January 2012, and its Working Group closed in November 2013.

 

  1. XSL-FO Documents and XSL-FO Processors: XML was designed as a portable means to exchange data between different applications; data presentation is often left to the applications themselves. An XML document typically describes data in an orderly manner, with indentation being the only formatting. In this section I take a look at the use of XSL-FO as a specialized XML vocabulary designed to describe document appearance. I also provide some tips on how to use XSL-FO.

A definition of FO and its role in XSL

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