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JAIPUR NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, JAIPUR
School of Distance Education & Learning
Internal Assignment No. 1
M.A. (English)
Paper Code: MEG– 201
Paper Title: Literary Theory
Last date of submission: Max. Marks: 30
Note: Question No. 1 is of short answer type and is compulsory for all the students. It carries 10 marks – total
Q. 1. Answer all the questions:
I. Write a note on Aristotle’s concept of ‘Hamartia’.
Answer: Hamartia is a personal error in a protagonist’s personality, which brings about his tragic downfall in a tragedy. This defect in a hero’s personality is also known as a “tragic flaw. Aristotle used the word in his Poetics, where it is taken as a mistake or error in judgment. The term envelops wrongdoings, which may be accidental or deliberate. One of the classic hamartia examples is where a hero wants to achieve something but, while doing so, he commits an intentional or accidental error, and he ends up achieving exactly
II. ‘Eugenius’ in Drden’s Essay on Dramatic Poesy represented the Ancients or the Moderns?
Answer: An Essay of Dramatic Poesy gives an explicit account of neo-classical theory of art in general. Dryden is a neoclassic critic, and as such he deals in his criticism with issues of form and morality in drama. However, he is not a rule bound critic, tied down to the classical unities or to notions of what constitutes a “proper”
III. Who is the author of the essay ‘Towards a Feminist Poetics’.
Answer: Elaine Showalter was the author of Towards A Feminist Poetics. She is an American literary critic, feminist, and writer on cultural and social issues. She is one of the founders of feminist literary criticism in United States academia
IV. In which year was T.S. Eliot’s ‘Tradition and Individual Talent’ published?
Answer: T.S.Eliot’s best-known essay, “Tradition and the Individual Talent”
V. Who is the writer of ‘Imaginary Homelands’?
Answer: Salman Rushdie is the author of ‘Imaginary Homelands’.
Salman Rushdie’s Imaginary Homelands is an important record of one writer’s intellectual and personal odyssey. The seventy essays collected here, written over the last ten years, cover an astonishing range of subjects
VI. How did Dryden justify Tragic-Comedy in his “Essay on Dramatic Poesy”?
Answer: Dryden is more liberal in his attitude towards the mingling of the tragic and the comic. In this respect he, “ ceases to be a classicist and goes over to the other camp”. He defends tragic-comedy on the following estates :
a) Contrast when placed near, set off each other.
b) Continued gravity depresses the spirit, a scene of mirth thrown in between refreshes. It has the same effect on us as music. In other words, comic scene produces relief , though Dryden does not explicitly say so.
VII. Define the concept of Rasa with reference to Bharatmuni’s “Natyashastra”.
Answer: Natyashastra is an ancient Indian discourse on theatre with details about performing arts, theatrical techniques, dance and music.
Although the concept of rasa is fundamental to many forms of Indian arts including dance, music, theatre, painting, sculpture, and literature, the interpretation and implementation of a particular rasa differs between different styles and schools.The
VIII. Write a note on Eliot’s “Theory of Impersonality” of poetry.
Answer: The theory of impersonality is given by T.S Eliot in his essay Tradition and Individual Talent . In the theory of Impersonality, the poetic development is the continuous subtraction and diminishing of poet’s personality and emotions. The poet’s personality and subjectivity is considered less important because a poet can only attain tradition /
NOTE: Answer any four questions. Each question carries 5 Marks. (4*5=20 Marks) (500 Words).
Q2. According to Aristotle’s Poetics ‘The plot is the source and the soul of tragedy’. Explain
Answer: Character, Thought, Diction, Song and Spectacle. The most important of these, is the Plot. The structure of the incidents, the arrangements of things done-that exactly, is what he means by Plot. Aristotle has subordinated character to plot, because he conceives of tragedy as an imitation, not of men, but of an action and of life, as life, consists in action. According to Aristotle, the plot is the underlying principle of a
Q3. Write a note on ‘Neander’s view in favour of Modern English Drama’ as presented by Dryden in his Essay on Dramatic Poesy.
Answer: John Dryden’s An Essay on Dramatic Poesy presents a brief discussion on Neo-classical theory of Literature. He
Q4. Write a note on ‘Fancy and Imagination’ on S.T. Coleridge’s Biographia Literaria
Answer: The Biographia Literaria an autobiography in discourse by Samuel Taylor Coleridge, which he published in 1817.
Imagination
Imagination in its real sense denotes the working of poetic minds upon external objects or objects visible to the eyes. Imaginative process sometimes adds additional properties to an object or sometimes abstracts from it some of its properties. Therefore, imagination thus transforms the object into something new. It modifies and even creates new objects.
According to Coleridge,
Q5. Write a detailed note on Aristotle’s concept of ‘Plot’.
Answer:
Q6. Who are the main speakers and what do they represent in Dryden’s “An Essay on Dramatic Poesy”? Discuss briefly.
Answer: John Dryden’s An Essay on Dramatic Poesy resents a brief discussion on the Neoclassical theory of literature. He defends the classical drama saying that it is an imitation of life reflects human nature clearly.
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