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JAIPUR NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, JAIPUR
School of Distance Education & Learning
Internal Assignment No. 1
M.A. (English)
Paper Code: MEG– 205
Paper Title Applied Linguistics and Contemporary English Grammar
Last date of submission: Max. Marks: 30
Note: Question No. 1 is of short answer type and is compulsory for all the students. It carries 10 marks – total
Q. 1. Answer all the questions:
I. What is the difference between phrase and clause?
Answer: Every sentence is constructed of clauses and/or phrases, but sometimes it can be tricky to tell the difference between a phrase and a clause.
Both phrases and clauses contain groups of two or more words and help us to make sentences, but they both have different roles. To help us understand the difference between them, we should define them both individually first.
II. Define “focus” with two examples.
Answer: In linguistics, focus (abbreviated foc) is a grammatical category that conveys which part of the sentence contributes new, non-derivable, or contrastive information. In the English sentence “Mary only insulted BILL”, focus is expressed prosodically by a pitch accent on “Bill” which identifies him as the only person Mary insulted.
III. What is an intransitive verb according to Roland Barthes?
Answer: Roland Barthes analysis the relationship between literature and linguistics in this topic. He called this new union between literature and linguistics as ‘Semio-Criticism’, since it implies that writing is a system of signs.
Thus defined, the middle voice
IV. What are stylistics?
Answer: Stylistics, a branch of applied linguistics, is the study and interpretation of texts of all types and/or spoken language in regard to their linguistic and tonal style, where style is the particular variety of language used by different individuals and/or in different situations or settings. For example, the vernacular,
V. Make sentences using any two of the following idiomatic phrases as a noun phrase.
a) Cup of tea
b) Iron man
c) Pull the pin
Answer:
(a). Cup of tea
I enjoy museums, it is my cup of tea. Hiking is not my cup of tea, but my husband enjoys it. The opera is not my
(c ) Pull the pin
If you pull the pin,
VI. Write a short note on ‘Stylistics’.
Answer: Stylistics is a branch of applied linguistics concerned with the study of style in texts, especially, but not
VII. Define ‘theme’ with three examples
Answer: Definition: In any work of art, the theme is the underlying message that the writer would like to get across. Maybe it’s a theme of bravery, perseverance, or undying love.
Whether you’re reading your
VIII. What does Cleanth Brooks mean by ‘The primacy of the linguistic Medium’?
Answer: Cleanth Brooks’ ‘The Primacy of Reader’ deals with the theory of new criticism and he analysis the concepts of Harold Bloom and Stanley Fish. Cleanth Brooks begins his treatise that criticism is both
IX. Define “focus” with three examples.
Answer: The focus of the text is also referred to as its thesis, theme, controlling idea, main point. In effect, writers tell readers what territory they plan to cover. That’s the focus.
Examples: A focus can be very narrow–as when a photographer takes a close-up of one mountain flower–or it can be broad –as when the photographer takes a long-range shot of the mountain. In practical
X. Write a short note on ‘situational Method’
Answer: According to the Situational Approach, and to insure that the language that is being taught is realistic, all the words and sentences must grow out of some real situation or imagined real situation. Thus, the meaning of words are tied up with the situations in which they are used. The learners know the meaning of the word “blackboard”, not because they have looked it up in a dictionary, but because they
NOTE: Answer any four questions. Each question carries 5 Marks. (4*5=20 Marks) (500 Words).
Q2. What According to Brooks are the humanistic uses of literature and what is the impact of
structuralism and post theories on it?
Answer: Structuralism emerged as a dominant intellectual paradigm in France in the late 1950s in part in response to the existentialist emphasis on subjectivity and individual autonomy—personified in the work and person of Jean-Paul Sartre—and in part as a reflection of the rising influence of research in the human sciences. In fact, structuralism has its origins in the work of the Swiss linguist Ferdinand de Saussure (1857–1913), whose 1906–1911 lectures at the University of Geneva, published on the basis of student notes in 1916 as the Cours de linguistique générale, provide structuralism’s basic
Q. 3. “A living language cannot be taught through the translation or the grammar method. One can learn cycling only by to ride it, one can learn a language by learning to use it.” In the light of the above statement examine the basic characteristics of Grammar Translation Method and its limitations.
Answer: The goals of the Grammar Translation Method (GTM) are:
To enable the students to:
- read literature in a target language, andmemorize grammar rules and vocabulary of the target language.
- The target language is a
Q. 4. Write an essay on any one of the following:
i. Reinforcement
ii. Devices of Emphasis
iii. Contrastive Focus
Answer: (ii) Devices of Emphasis: A use of language to mark importance or significance, through either intensity of expression or linguistic features such as STRESS and INTONATION. The classical sense of emphasis as something added to language survives in the phrases add emphasis to or lay emphasis on. It is generally achieved by any means that draws attention to a syllable, word, phrase, idea, event, or social situation, such as the increase of intensity and volume on at once when someone says ‘Do it at
Q5. What are the basic characteristics of Bilingual Method. Write its merits and limitations.
Answer: Characteristics: Bilingual Method is one of many teaching methods of English language.C.J Dodson had invented this method of teaching Foreign language in 1967. Schools use this method where two languages i.e. the mother tongue and target language are used. In this method, teachers use the mother tongue to achieve the target language ( here it is English) .
The method is based on the principles of similarities and differences which is found between the two languages. These may be of
Q.6 What are the traces and impacts of structuralism and past structuralism theories on Cleanth Brooks essay “The Promacy of the linguistic medium”.
Answer:
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